Presentation of Findings

Presentation slide featuring two co-leads with their names and academic details. On the left, a person in green, identified as "Sisy Chen, First-Year, Neuroscience & Behavior, Chicago, IL." On the right, another person in green, identified as "Madeli
Student Policy Network (SPN) logo with text about the Maternal Morbidity and Health Disparities Project, Spring 2022 at the University of Notre Dame, and the Birth Center of Chicago logo.
An executive summary slide featuring four main sections: "Topic and Need/Gap Analysis" discusses high maternal and infant mortality rates in Chicagoland and lack of exploration of birth centers. "Research Methods" includes literature review, expert i
A slide introducing the "Maternal Health Disparities Team" featuring three team members: Jake Harris, a first-year in Anthropology from Nashville, TN; Zoe Jensen, a sophomore in Political Science from Carmel, IN; and Bridget Newell, a sophomore in Sc
Graph showing maternal health disparities by race in Chicago. Left bar graph depicts severe maternal morbidity rates per 10,000 deliveries, with Non-Hispanic Black women at 120.8, compared to other groups: NH Asian/Pacific Islander at 63.5, Latina at
Map of Chicago displaying maternal health disparities by zip code, showing severe maternal morbidity rates per 10,000 deliveries in various shades of blue, indicating different severity levels, and marked areas of high economic hardship for 2016-2017
Flowchart titled "Chicago's Maternal Health Disparities" showing determinants of maternal morbidity, including financial barriers, structurally unhealthy environment, and educational attainment. Logos of Birth Center of Chicago, University of Notre D
Diagram titled "Social & Structural Determinants of Health" showing a web of causation illustrating how factors like slavery, Jim Crow laws, the GI Bill, and redlining impact health determinants such as education, income, and neighborhood demographic
Presentation slide introducing a team for "Models of Maternal Care," featuring three individuals: Emily Collins, a first-year Science-Computing student from Cleveland, OH; Kathryn Strimbu, a senior in Biology & Public Policy from Crown Point, IN; and
Diagram comparing community-based care with hospital-based care. On the left, silhouettes of a pregnant woman and another person; on the right, a hospital building with a medical symbol and a person holding a baby. Includes logos for the Birth Center
Flowchart illustrating the needs of childbearing women and infants, highlighting practice categories, organization of care, values, philosophy, and care providers, with emphasis on personalized care and management, under the heading 'Meeting the Need
Flowchart titled 'Over-Medicalized Obstetrics' under 'Hospital-Based Care', showing three aspects: 'Electronic Fetal Monitoring', 'Cesarean Sections', and 'Provider-Patient Communication'. Each aspect highlights concerns, such as unnecessary interven
Infographic titled 'Benefits of Midwife-Led Models of Care' highlighting three main advantages: Improved Outcomes for Low-Risk Pregnancies, Mother-Centered Care, and Preventative Care and Postpartum Education. Includes logos of the Birth Center of Ch
A presentation slide comparing cost differences due to care methodology for childbirth. It includes two bar charts titled 'Average Cost of Care at Hospital by Care Method (vaginal births)' and 'Average Total Medicaid Cost,' both contrasting Medical O
Three bar charts comparing cesarean-section rates, effectiveness/NICU transfer rates, and pre-term birth rates between medical obstetric and midwife care models. Includes logos for the Birth Center of Chicago and University of Notre Dame.
Diagram showing cost/effectiveness variables skewing results, highlighting extra costs from MW model, obstetric model, and effectiveness differences, with specific cost examples such as under-compensation and price inflation.
Team introduction slide for the "Insurance & Policy Recommendations Team" featuring members Matt Kraft, Aubry Schweiner, and Linh Oliver with their academic details and locations.
Presentation slide on insurance and policy recommendations, focusing on public insurance overview and analysis, with topics including Medicaid coverage gaps, Medicaid Presumptive Eligibility Program, and the Moms and Babies program.
Slide titled 'Public Insurance: Medicaid Presumptive Eligibility Program' showing a bar chart comparing minimum income thresholds for Medicaid/CHIP eligibility as of January 2021. Categories include 'Children', 'Pregnant women - Medicaid', 'Pregnant
Slide titled "Public Insurance: Overview and Analysis" from the Birth Center of Chicago. Discusses insurance policy recommendations including Medicaid's income requirement for new mothers, the Medicaid Presumptive Eligibility Program, and the Moms an
Slide titled 'Insurance & Policy Recommendations' from Birth Center of Chicago discusses private insurance overview. It includes points about private insurance not covering birth centers, limited out-of-network benefits, and the option of Cost-Sharin
Infographic titled "General Recommendations" detailing four policy recommendations for birth center initiatives. Includes sections on Automatic Extension of Coverage, Intentional Non-Profit Partnerships, Additional Bias Training, and Coverage for Alt
Flowchart summarizing maternal health issues; includes 'Existing Maternal Health Disparities,' 'Birth Centers and Holistic Maternal Care,' and 'Insurance Coverage of Maternal Health Care.' Logos for Birth Center of Chicago, University of Notre Dame,
Presentation slide on future research from the Birth Center of Chicago, highlighting limitations in access to care related to demographic factors and suggesting more informational interviews. It details racial disparities in maternal care, patient-pr

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Cover page of a research report titled "Maternal Mortality and Health Disparities in Chicago: An Analysis of Birth Centers, Holistic Birth Care, and Associated Costs," by the University of Notre Dame Student Policy Network, dated April 15, 2022. Cont
Table of contents page detailing maternal health topics including mortality in the US and Chicago, determinants of mortality, comparative analysis of obstetric and midwifery-led models, insurance coverage, and policy recommendations.
Document discussing maternal mortality rates in Chicago, highlighting racial disparities, and advocating for community-based, perinatal care models to improve outcomes and reduce costs.
Page discussing maternal mortality in the US, highlighting rising rates and causes, with references to NIH and CDC reports.
Text discussing maternal mortality rates in the United States, its preventability, disparities across different states, and the impact on non-Hispanic Black women. Mentions healthcare technology expansion and the need for better, accessible care, wit
Text discussing healthcare access, Medicaid, and systemic racism affecting maternal mortality rates among non-Hispanic Black women and non-Hispanic Indian/Alaskan Native women in the U.S., including statistical disparities related to education and ag
Page discusses maternal morbidity and mortality in Chicago, focusing on racial and socioeconomic disparities affecting healthcare access. Highlights higher morbidity rates among non-Hispanic black women due to lack of care and systemic biases. Refere
Text document discussing healthcare disparities in Chicago, focusing on maternal morbidity, mortality rates, socioeconomic status, education, and Medicaid prevalence in low-income areas.
Document discussing determinants of maternal mortality, focusing on structural and social barriers. Includes a diagram titled "Web of Causation" illustrating factors such as slavery, Jim Crow, education, income, and healthcare access impacting health
Text discussing structural barriers in healthcare, including financial obstacles and obstetric racism affecting Black mothers. It highlights issues like overcrowded facilities, lack of resources, and the negative impact of neighborhood environments o
A document discussing the challenges of accessing prenatal care, racially segregated communities, disparities in education, and future recommendations for interventions. It highlights issues like transportation difficulties, redlining, and education
Text page discussing paid family leave, Medicaid expansion, and the impact of social and structural factors on healthcare. References study by Crear-Perry et al. on health inequities.
Academic text comparing obstetrics and midwifery-led models, focusing on hospital births in the United States. It describes the predominance of hospital births, the decline of midwifery, and the procedures involved in hospital childbirth, such as vit
Page with text discussing fetal monitoring in low-risk pregnancies, highlighting issues like increased cesarean surgeries, unnecessary interventions, and legal concerns. References are included for supporting studies.
Text discussing risks and impacts of cesarean sections, including a study from PLOS Medicine on pelvic floor dysfunction, asthma, obesity, miscarriages, and OB-GYN workforce challenges.
Text discusses midwifery and obstetric care in the U.S., comparing midwifery's historical role with modern medical practices. Highlights the importance of humanizing birth and choosing appropriate care for low and high-risk pregnancies. Mentions unne
Page containing text discussing the benefits and challenges of midwifery versus obstetric care, particularly in relation to low-risk births and the use of cesarean sections.
Text about obstetrics and healthcare in the U.S. focusing on financial influences affecting care, with emphasis on the benefits of a midwife-based model versus the conventional obstetrics model.
Text discussing the benefits of midwifery and family planning models in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality, with emphasis on midwife-led models of care and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional obstetric models.
Text document discussing a study comparing midwifery and medical obstetric models, costs, and effectiveness of care in low-risk pregnancies.
Text document discussing the costs associated with the midwifery model of care compared to the medical obstetric model. It includes information from a 2015 study on delivery costs and the impact of midwives' compensation on cost savings.
Text discussing Medicaid costs for childbirth, comparing medical and midwifery models. A table shows costs in 2022 dollars: hospital vaginal birth ($8,538), c-section ($11,922), birth center (vaginal) costs for midwifery model ($7,876); average total
A page from a report comparing midwifery and medical obstetric models, highlighting differences in cesarean section rates, preterm birth rates, and average birth weights. The text notes that midwifery shows better outcomes in these areas. A table sum
Page of text discussing analysis of insurance coverage for birth centers and midwifery models compared to traditional hospital births. It highlights the challenges of insurance coverage for non-hospital births and safety concerns noted by companies l
Text discussing challenges of using alternative birthing models, focusing on insurance issues. It cites a couple's experience with Blue Shield of California not covering birth centers or midwives in-network. The text compares hospital costs to birth
Image of a typed document discussing the option for mothers to use Cost-Sharing Organizations (CSOs) for alternative birthing models instead of traditional insurance. It explains how CSOs work, highlighting their flexibility and reimbursement process
A document detailing public insurance and maternal health issues in Illinois, highlighting problems with maternal morbidity and mortality and racial disparities. The text discusses Illinois' health programs and Medicaid coverage, noting a coverage ga
Text regarding public health insurance programs in Illinois, specifically the Medicaid Presumptive Eligibility (MPE) and Moms and Babies program. The text details the services covered, such as prenatal and postnatal care, and the eligibility requirem
Image of a text document discussing policy recommendations for extending reproductive care under Medicaid, specifically suggesting automatic extension and eliminating the need to reapply from Medicaid Presumptive Eligibility to the Moms and Babies pr
A page of text discussing insurance coverage for pregnant individuals, disparities in healthcare, and potential policy changes for Medicaid re-enrollment in California. It includes references to studies on socioeconomic factors affecting insurance co
Text from a document discussing Medicaid administrative costs and partnerships with nonprofits to aid pregnant individuals in marginalized communities.
A document discussing access to reproductive healthcare for unsteadily housed pregnant individuals and other vulnerable groups. It emphasizes the importance of partnerships with organizations like New Moms and suggests cultural competency training fo
Text discussing racial disparities in healthcare, particularly in obstetric care, highlighting biases and their consequences for patients of color.
Text discussing medical bias, training for doulas, and advocating private insurance coverage for alternative childbirth services.
Text discussing cost-effective healthcare services, particularly midwifery, and their potential benefits for maternal outcomes and reducing disparities. Emphasizes the need for policy changes to improve access for pregnant individuals, especially in
Text discussing healthcare accessibility issues in the Chicagoland area, emphasizing maternal care disparities and the need for policy changes.